• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The subject invention is in the field of poultry farming or poultry fattening in factory farming. The litter used in the fattening pass from shredded corn spindles, which are dried in particular to a moisture content of less than 14% and enriched with effective microorganisms, can be minimized or prevented in the field of intensive poultry farming diseases and especially foot injuries in the animals. As a result, an improvement in the health of the animals and a concomitant economic rearing achieved.
    公开号:AT511067A4
    申请号:T9242011
    申请日:2011-06-24
    公开日:2012-09-15
    发明作者:Franz Tschiggerl
    申请人:Franz Tschiggerl；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Chafra / Erf / mag.ts-lu / hu DESCRIPTION:
    The pending invention is in the field of poultry farming or poultry farming. Poultry is a generic term for all bird species that are bred and kept as livestock. The invention therefore includes - as well as the term " poultry " - especially chickens, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, pigeons and all related breeds.
    As a fattening pass the period is referred to below, in which brought the mostly only hours old chicks in the stables and finally spent after reaching the desired mast weight for the purpose of slaughtering back out of the barn.
    The poultry is mainly for the production of meat and eggs. Demand for these products has increased significantly in recent decades as poultry meat in particular has become high quality. This is particularly evident in the stable market situation for poultry meat and in the growing number of stables and production facilities for these products worldwide. Due to the optimal feed conversion of the poultry, it is possible to produce high quality meat with relatively few feed quantities. Due to demand, breeding efforts continue to tend to further improve this meat performance.
    Due to the high demand and the immense demand for poultry meat, automated mass production methods developed in the past. The intensive mast is therefore performed mainly in the form of ground keeping. For this intensive poultry breeding worldwide special keeping regulations and legal requirements apply. Animal welfare is becoming more and more important, which is reflected above all in the efforts to avoid behavioral problems in animals. The active animal welfare, the consumer as well as the producer attach the highest value to an appropriate housing and further processing of the poultry. Finally, it is also known that a species-appropriate and precautionary attitude of the animals has a positive effect on the profitability of production.
    Intensive poultry farming and poultry fattening increases the risk of injuries and resulting diseases. As the most common injury or disease of a broiler chicken etchings can be found. These injuries result from the use of bedding materials which do not have the appropriate suction power, so that the chicken must be feces. This leads to chemical burns, which initially lead to no pain due to lack of nerves at the foot of the animal. However, if the chicken is constantly exposed to such moisture, the bale can be attacked on the inside of the foot, which can lead to painful and health-threatening inflammation. 1! 7l £ Η7Ζ
    Since the protective cornea of the chickens forms only in the first 7 to 10 days, especially chicks - which usually reach the stables at the age of 1 day - are particularly endangered and vulnerable in the first days.
    These foot burns can also lead to other diseases, which ultimately have to be treated with medication - usually with antibiotics. In most cases, calming and preventative medicines must also be used. The use of medication is undesirable for the owner as well as for the consumer, because on the one hand the economy of the breed must be considered and on the other hand medicament residues in the poultry meat are to be avoided for a high-quality product.
    The endeavor of poultry farmers and animal welfare is therefore to improve the health situation of the animals in order to be able to economically guarantee a sustainable and healthy product. This can only be achieved by avoiding or excluding injurious and harmful influences.
    Object of this invention is therefore to improve the fulfillment of the requirements of both animal welfare and the profitability of the poultry flock and thereby optimize the existing conditions without this invention, so animal welfare by strengthening the health of the animals during their rearing and cost-effectiveness by reducing the incidence of injuries and diseases of the animals.
    It is verifiable that bedding is a key factor in the healthy development of poultry. Bedding is understood to be the material that covers the floor in stables in order to absorb the excrements of the animals. If the litter is saturated with animal excrements, it is called dung
    Known and common bedding materials are: sand, sawdust, straw, hemp, pellets, briquettes etc. as well as synthetically produced products.
    The litter has a great influence on the well-being and behavioral development of the animals. So it is a natural behavior of the chicken to scratch and search for food on the ground. The litter should not interfere with a natural movement of the animal.
    Furthermore, the already mentioned absorbency of the material plays a significant role. Decisive here is how the litter develops over a longer period of time in the barn, since it is common for stables that one and the same litter forms the entire installation period, the substrate. For chickens for fattening, a fattening period of between 32 and 38 days, so that an adequate surface must be continuous.
    Especially in the second half of the fattening cycle, there are often problems because forms due to the excretions a compact crust-like layer over the litter. A natural behavior of the animal is hardly possible because the pawing and foraging for the chicken are useless. 2
    Also the air development in the Stal! strongly associated with this forming upper layer of the bedding: Under this layer forms due to the animal excretions and prevailing humidity ammonia, which is perceptible for humans and animals in the stable. In the course of the fattening run in the daily control inspections can be perceived how the ammonia content in the air continuously increases because ammonia fumes irritate especially mucous membranes, which manifests itself mainly by a burning sensation in the eyes. Also, the associated odor development is considerably increased.
    This becomes especially clear when the top layer of the bedding described above is broken through - for example, during demisting so that the ammonia vapors can escape. To prevent respiratory diseases, it is therefore often only possible with mouth mask or other protective clothing to enter the stables.
    Most of the bedding materials also result in the formation of fine dust, which can not be prevented even by state-of-the-art ventilation systems. This factor also plays a significant role in terms of human and animal health.
    The litter according to the invention is characterized in that harvested corn spindles are comminuted, so that they have an optimal absorbency, which has a gentle effect on the feet or skin of the poultry.
    It has been found that chickens and chicks, in particular, react extremely positively to this bedding and their natural behavior, such as, for example, the pawing, running and looking for the appropriate foraging strengthened. This is mainly due to the flowability of the product obtained until the end of the installation period.
    Burn injuries to the feet are minimized, preventing additional and unnecessary use of medication. The legal requirements of animal welfare can thus be met by a natural and chemically unloaded litter. Overall, the litter according to the invention leads to an increased well-being of the poultry.
    By using this bedding, it also leads to a significant odor minimization of the indoor and outdoor air of the barn. Not only the air in the house, but also the air sent out through the ventilation is less odor-intensive, so there is an overall improvement in the odor-laden environmental climate caused by the mast.
    The dried corn spindles with a maximum moisture content of 14% are comminuted to a particle or granule size of 8-12 mm. The comminution takes place on the basis of a knife mill, which is equipped with a certain number of cutting knives depending on the desired granule size.
    The knife mill has proven to be the best crushing method, as the crushing at the same time fine particles and granules of different sizes arise, so that through the associated mixing an extremely high absorbency of the litter reaches and thus a dry attitude of the animals is guaranteed. 3
    The moisture level of maximum 14% ensures that there is no fungus of the material, so the occurrence of fungal attack, such as mold. Thus, a longer-term storage of bedding is easily possible. In addition, the material continues to dry after being sprinkled by the high temperatures in the barn. At higher degrees of moisture there would be a risk of entrapment, which would have a detrimental effect on the animals, since this risk would undoubtedly be given at higher moisture levels. Also, such absorbency would not be such as with a moisture level of at most 14%.
    The crushing to a granule size of 8-12 mm has proven in contrast to other sizes as optimal. Larger particles would not ensure adequate absorbency, since mixing of the inner corncob layer with the outer one, which would be necessary for this capacity of liquid, would not take place to a sufficient extent. In addition, too large granules would hinder the poultry, especially in the first days in its natural movement, so it is highly likely to behavioral problems of the animal. Finally, the basic material - the whole maize spindle - has no appreciable absorbency in its natural state.
    Even a finer grain size would be unsuitable as a bedding agent: Although a corresponding absorbency would remain, but it would come due to excessively excessive in the crushing fines in a stable to an unbearable dust, which would lead to an unreasonable for man and animals barn climate. A regulation of this condition is not achievable even with the usual ventilation systems of the stables. This particulate matter pollution of the stable air thus leads to a significant and inevitably occurring health hazard of humans and animals.
    If necessary, the bedding material can also be dedusted and screened beforehand to achieve the best possible unencumbered air in the barn. This is above all odor-neutral, dust-free and free of ammonia.
    Despite the possibility of dedusting the material by sieving, the non-sieved bedding has been found to be optimal, since the fines settle after sprinkling mostly on the ground, so that sticking of the saturated bedding on the stable floor is prevented. The application of the manure and the cleaning of the stable are thereby facilitated to a considerable extent. Furthermore, the unsized bedding due to the fines on a higher absorbency.
    The bedding material according to the invention is in contrast to the previously used materials, such as e.g. Straw easily - without and if necessary with machine support - to distribute on the stable floor.
    The basic material maize spindle is - so far - a waste product of the maize industry, which is usually left on the soil, but has no influence on the fertility of the soil. Specifically, this is the residual product of a whole corncob, which is freed from the grain during harvesting. The inner white layer of the spindle supplies the grains of the maize plants with water during the vegetation period, which is why it has a relatively large water storage capacity to supply the grains. 4
    The raw material of the corncob has been left on the field in the past, because there was no corresponding harvesting technology for it. However, with the development of new harvesting methods, it has been possible for some years now to harvest the corncob without any problems, so that the production of this product is assured in the future as well.
    By shredding the whole corncob, the exceptionally strong particles of the inner layer mix with those of the wooden outer layer, which also has a very good absorbency.
    The bulk density is between 200 and 500 kg / m3, preferably between 250 and 350 kg / m3.
    The invention also relates to the use of the litter according to the invention as Saugbinder for liquids, especially for oil, etc, as insulation material, as a filler, as litter in dairy cattle, as a carrier in pharmacy or as a carrier in cosmetics.
    The bedding can also be enriched with Effective Microorganisms (EM), which are increasingly used in poultry farming. These are bacteria that have positive effects on the well-being and health of the poultry. By using EM, medication can be reduced or prevented again. Enrichment with this liquid can be done before or after sprinkling. The optimal ratio of 10 liters EM have evenly distributed on each proved a ton of bedding.
    Finally, the invention also relates to the use of a spent bedding according to any one of claims 1-7 as a fermentation substrate in biogas plants.
    A considerable advantage is the easy disposal of used bedding. Due to its biological origin, this can be used as composting in the garden or as fertilizer for fields.
    1. Litter for poultry, obtainable by a process in which dry corn spindles (moisture content of maximum 14%) are crushed and granulated, so that the individual layers of the corncob mix. 2. litter according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing and mixing of the individual layers of the corncob with a knife mill, so that a granulate with a predetermined grain size is obtained. 3. litter according to claim 1-2, characterized in that the bulk density is 200 to 500 kg / m3, preferably 250 to 350 kg / m3. 4. litter according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the grain size is 0.5 to 15 mm, preferably 8-12 mm. 5 5. litter according to claim 1-4, characterized in that the litter is dedusted after granulation. 6. litter according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the litter is not dedusted after granulation. 7. litter according to claim 1-6, characterized in that they are enriched with Effective Microorganisms (EM) with a share of 10 liters per ton of litter. 8. Use of the litter according to one of claims 1-6 as a absorbent binder for liquids, in particular for oil, etc., as an insulating material, as a filler, as a carrier in pharmacy, as a carrier in cosmetics or as litter in dairy cattle. 9. Use of a litter according to one of claims 1-7 as a fermentation substrate in biogas plants. 10. Use of a spent litter according to one of claims 1-7 as a fermentation substrate in biogas plants. 6
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Litter for poultry, obtainable by a process in which dry corn spindles (maximum moisture content of 14%) are crushed and granulated so that the individual layers of the corncob mix.
    [2]
    2. litter according to claim 1, characterized in that the crushing and mixing of the individual layers of the corncob with a knife mill, so that a granulate with a predetermined grain size is obtained.
    [3]
    3. litter according to claim 1-2, characterized in that the bulk density is 200 to 500 kg / m3, preferably 250 to 350kg / m3.
    [4]
    4. litter according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the grain size is 0.5 to 15 mm, preferably 8-12 mm.
    [5]
    5. litter according to claim 1-4, characterized in that the litter is dedusted after granulation.
    [6]
    6. litter according to claim 1-3, characterized in that the litter is not dedusted after granulation.
    [7]
    7. litter according to claim 1-6, characterized in that they are enriched with Effective Microorganisms (EM) with a share of 10 liters per ton of litter.
    [8]
    8. Use of the litter according to one of claims 1-6 as a absorbent binder for liquids, in particular for oil, etc., as insulating material, as a filler, as a carrier in pharmacy, as a carrier in cosmetics or as litter in dairy cattle.
    [9]
    9. Use of a litter according to one of claims 1-7 as a fermentation substrate in biogas plants.
    [10]
    10. Use of a spent litter according to one of claims 1-7 as a fermentation substrate in biogas plants. «··· · · · · · · · · · · · * * * * * * PATENT TESTING: 1. Litter for poultry or for fattening in the poultry mast, respectively in factory farming from maize spindles, characterized in that the grain size is 8-12 mm and the bulk density is 250 - 350 kg. 2. Litter according to claim 1, characterized in that effective microorganisms are added. Litter according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the litter has a moisture content of less than 14%. 4. A method for producing the bedding according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that a knife mill is used for crushing the corncob. 5. Use of a litter according to one of claims 1-3 for poultry breeding or for the fattening pass in the poultry mast, each in factory farming. SUBSEQUENT
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3059615A|1959-01-19|1962-10-23|C P Hall Company Of Illinois|Animal litter|
    US4519340A|1982-03-17|1985-05-28|Dickey Natural Systems, Inc.|Absorbent composition for animal excreta and process for making and using same|
    US5062954A|1991-04-15|1991-11-05|The Andersons|Cellulose absorbent product and method of manufacture|
    WO1998047349A1|1997-04-22|1998-10-29|Dickey Environmental Systems, Llc|Absorbant animal bedding and method and apparatus for making same|
    WO1998054956A1|1997-06-04|1998-12-10|The Andersons Agriservices, Inc.|Cat litter and process of making|
    US20090275109A1|2008-04-17|2009-11-05|Marianne Cain Bellot|Bacillus strains useful for animal odor control|
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    WO2010057124A2|2008-11-14|2010-05-20|Ross Technology Corporation|Long lasting, non-wetting, odor free, easily manageable animal litter and litter box usable therewith|
    DE102009057023B4|2009-11-25|2012-01-12|Inter-Harz Gmbh|A method of reducing pathogenic bacteria in a livestock housing|CN104488734A|2014-12-16|2015-04-08|繁昌县奥科包装有限公司|Chinese herbal medicine waste residue cat litter and preparation method thereof|
    EP3372071B8|2017-03-06|2020-09-30|MHK Mühlenhof Kleeth GmbH & Co. KG|Bedding material for keeping farm animals and corresponding production method|
    CN107211902B|2017-07-13|2020-08-04|内蒙古工业大学|Method for preparing cow bedding by recycling cow dung under sub-low temperature condition|
    DE102018105541A1|2018-03-09|2019-09-12|Ago-Ressource GmbH|Litter for animal husbandry and use of pellets from biological raw material|
    CN109845650A|2019-04-02|2019-06-07|哈尔滨华美亿丰复合材料有限公司|A kind of ox bed padding and its processing method and application|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT9242011A|AT511067B1|2011-06-24|2011-06-24|MAIZE SPINDLE AS DEDICATED TO POULTRY|AT9242011A| AT511067B1|2011-06-24|2011-06-24|MAIZE SPINDLE AS DEDICATED TO POULTRY|
    DE201220012622| DE202012012622U1|2011-06-24|2012-06-22|Litter for poultry farming|
    EP12173074A| EP2537413A1|2011-06-24|2012-06-22|Litter for poultry rearing or fattening|
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